1.山西大学 科学技术史研究所,山西 太原 030006
2.中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京 100190
[ "王金,山西大学科学技术史研究所副教授,硕士生导师,毕业于北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,工学博士。主要研究方向为科技考古、博物馆、科技与社会。Email:wangjin0308@sxu.edu.cn" ]
收稿:2025-06-17,
修回:2025-08-01,
纸质出版:2026-03-25
移动端阅览
王金,石成玉.三维几何形态测量方法在文物考古中的应用[J].新兴科学和技术趋势,2026,5(1):93-102.
WANG Jin,SHI Chengyu.The application of three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometry method in cultural relics archaeology[J].Emerging Science and Technology,2026,5(1):93-102.
王金,石成玉.三维几何形态测量方法在文物考古中的应用[J].新兴科学和技术趋势,2026,5(1):93-102. DOI: 10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2026.01.009.
WANG Jin,SHI Chengyu.The application of three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometry method in cultural relics archaeology[J].Emerging Science and Technology,2026,5(1):93-102. DOI: 10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2026.01.009.
几何形态测量是分析研究对象形态特征的方法,在生物学研究中有较多应用。近年来,随着三维数字化技术的发展,几何形态测量的研究对象从原来的二维平面发展到三维立体,基于三维模型的几何形态测量在文物考古研究中的应用案例逐渐增多。本文首先对形态测量学的发展情况和三维几何形态测量方法进行介绍,之后梳理了文物考古研究中三维数据获取的常用方法,对三维几何形态测量方法在文物考古中的应用进行综述。最后为了便于更好地了解,本文以曲村-天马遗址出土的陶器为案例进行分析。三维几何形态测量方法是对考古学中传统形态研究的加强与补充,提高了研究结果的准确性和多样性,为文物考古研究提供了可参考的客观数据。
Geometric morphometry is a method to analyze the morphological characteristics of the research objects, which has wide application in biological research. In recent years, with the development of three-dimensional (3D) digital technology, the research objects of geometric morphometry have been developed from the original 2D to 3D. The application cases of geometric morphometry based on the 3D model increase gradually in the study of cultural relics and archaeology. In this paper, the development of morphometry and the 3D geometric morphometry method are introduced firstly, the commonly used methods of 3D data acquisition in the research of cultural relics archaeology are sorted out, and then the application of 3D geometric morphometry method in cultural relics archaeology is reviewed. Finally, in order to facilitate better understanding, this paper takes as a case study the pottery unearthed at a site in Qucun-Tianma. The 3D geometric morphometry method strengthens and complements the traditional morphological research in archaeology, improves the accuracy and diversity of the research results, and provides referable objective data for the archaeological research of cultural relics.
HUXLEY J . Problems of relative growth [M]. London : Methuen&Co. LTD , 1932 : 28 - 30 .
张元动 . 形态统计学:一门新兴的应用性学科 [J]. 古生物学报 , 1994 ( 05 ): 651 - 652 . DOI: 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.1994.05.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.19800/j.cnki.aps.1994.05.009 .
ROHLF F J , MARCUS L F . A revolution morphometrics [J]. Trends in ecology & evolution , 1993 , 8 ( 4 ): 129 - 132 . DOI: 10.1016/0169-5347(93)90024-J http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90024-J .
SLICE D E . Landmark coordinates aligned by procrustes analysis do not lie in Kendall’s shape space [J]. Systematic Biology , 2001 , 50 ( 1 ): 141 - 149 . DOI: 10.1080/10635150119110 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150119110 .
白明 , 杨星科 , 李静 , 等 . 几何形态学:关于形态定量比较的科学计算工具 [J]. 科学通报 , 2014 , 59 ( 10 ): 887 - 894 .
王巍 . 中国考古学大辞典 [M]. 上海 : 上海辞书出版社 , 2014 : 1 - 2 .
JAMES R F , DENNIS S . Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks [J]. Systematic zoology , 1990 , 39 ( 1 ): 40 - 59 . DOI: 10.2307/2992207 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992207 .
ZELDITCH M L , SWIDERSKI D L , SHEETS D H , et al . Geometric morphometrics for biologists: a primer [M]. San Diego : Elsevier Academic Press , 2004 : 32 - 35 .
KlINGENBERG C P . Morpho J: an integrated software package for geometric morphometrics [J]. Molecular Ecology Resources , 2011 , 11 ( 2 ): 353 - 357 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x .
HERZLINGER G , GOREN-INBAR N , GROSMAN L . A new method for 3D geometric morphometric shape analysis: The case study of handaxe knapping skill [J]. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports , 2017 , 14 ( 1 ): 163 - 173 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.05.013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.05.013 .
闻慧 , 王心丽 . 轮廓形态测量法在生物分类应用中的研究进展 [J]. 应用昆虫学报 , 2012 , 50 ( 5 ): 1438 - 1446 . DOI: 10.7679 /j. issn.2095-1353.2013.197 http://dx.doi.org/10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2013.197 .
KUHL F P , GIARDINA C R . Elliptic Fourier features of a closed contour [J]. Computer graphics and image processing , 1982 , 18 ( 3 ): 236 - 258 . DOI: 10.1016/0146-664X(82)90034-X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-664X(82)90034-X .
IWATA H , UKAI Y . SHAPE: a computer program package for quantitative evaluation of biological shapes based on elliptic Fourier descriptors [J]. Journal of heredity , 2002 , 93 ( 5 ): 384 - 385 . DOI: 10.1093/jhered/93.5.384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/93.5.384 .
周炳琨 . 激光原理 [M]. 北京 : 国防工业出版社 , 2007 : 1 - 2 .
朱宇华 , 徐睦 , 乜小珂 . 基于三维激光扫描技术的古代城台及城楼的结构变形监测与分析方法研究 [J]. 北京建筑大学学报 , 2022 , 38 ( 02 ): 68 - 73 . DOI: 10.19740/j.2096-9872.2022.02.09 http://dx.doi.org/10.19740/j.2096-9872.2022.02.09 .
陈春生 . 三维激光扫描技术在文物遗址数字化测绘中的应用研究 [J]. 中国高新科技 , 2021 ( 03 ): 138 - 140 .
吴晨 , 李源 , 柴怡 , 等 . 三维激光扫描技术在小微玻璃文物保护中的应用 [J]. 文博 , 2024 ( 04 ): 96 - 102 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7954.2024.04.015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7954.2024.04.015 .
成思源 , 杨雪荣 . 逆向工程技术 [M]. 北京 : 机械工业出版社 , 2018 : 263 .
张永春 , 潘思文 . 结构光扫描技术在文物数字化中的应用分析 [J]. 文博 , 2012 ( 03 ): 93 - 96 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7954.2012.03.019 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7954.2012.03.019 .
李洋 . 博物馆文物三维数据采集技术探析 [J]. 博物馆管理 , 2020 ,( 03 ): 80 - 89 .
丁忠明 , 张立凯 . 工业CT扫描文物的伪影与校正 [J]. 文物保护与考古科学 , 2022 , 34 ( 06 ): 35 - 44 . DOI: 10.16334/j.cnki.cn31-1652/k.20220802655 http://dx.doi.org/10.16334/j.cnki.cn31-1652/k.20220802655 .
邓阳全 , 唐宴东 , 魏艳艳 , 等 . 利用高精度计算机断层扫描系统重建青铜器香薰的三维模型 [J]. 文物保护与考古科学 , 2014 , 26 ( 01 ): 88 - 92 . DOI: 10.16334/j.cnki.cn31-1652/k.2014.01.012 http://dx.doi.org/10.16334/j.cnki.cn31-1652/k.2014.01.012 .
叶琳 , 郭建波 , 秦海嘉 . 三星堆遗址出土青铜神树结合部位工业CT图像的再辨析 [J]. 西南文物考古 , 2023 ( 02 ): 152 - 156 .
侯刚栋 , 部晨光 . 数字近景摄影测量在文物考古领域中的应用 [J]. 测绘技术装备 , 2019 , 21 ( 04 ): 82 - 85,81 .
马欢欢 , 赵清坡 . Agisoft Photoscan照片建模技术在考古中的应用 [J]. 文物保护与考古科学 , 2016 , 28 ( 04 ): 144 - 149 . DOI: 10.16334/j.cnki.cn31-1652/k.2016.04.019 http://dx.doi.org/10.16334/j.cnki.cn31-1652/k.2016.04.019 .
赵海龙 , 仝广 , 闫晓蒙 . 基于Agisoft PhotoScan的石器三维建模与应用 [J]. 人类学学报 , 2021 , 40 ( 01 ): 40 - 48 . DOI: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0066 http://dx.doi.org/10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0066 .
刘建国 . 可移动文物的多视角影像三维重建 [J]. 考古 , 2016 ( 12 ): 97 - 103 .
FREIDLINE S E , GUNZ P , HARVATI K , et al . Evaluating developmental shape changes in Homo antecessor subadult facial morphology [J]. Journal of Human Evolution , 2013 , 65 ( 4 ): 404 - 423 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.012 .
CUI Y , WU X . A geometric morphometric study of a Middle Pleistocene cranium from Hexian, China [J]. Journal of Human Evolution , 2015 , 88 : 54 - 69 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.001 .
邢松 , 周蜜 , 刘武 . 中国人牙齿形态测量分析:近代人群上、下颌前臼齿齿冠轮廓形状及其变异 [J]. 人类学学报 , 2010 , 29 ( 02 ): 132 - 149 . DOI: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2010.02.003 http://dx.doi.org/10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2010.02.003 .
周蜜 , 崔娅铭 , 邢松 . 中国近代人群上颌前臼齿釉质-齿质连接面形状的三维几何形态测量 [J]. 人类学学报 , 2016 , 35 ( 04 ): 585 - 597 . DOI: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2016.0049 http://dx.doi.org/10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2016.0049 .
XING S , MARTINÓN-TORRES M , BERMÚDEZ DE CASTRO JM . Late middle Pleistocene hominin teeth from Tongzi, southern China [J]. Journal of human evolution , 2019 , 130 : 96 - 108 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.001 .
李海军 , 徐晓娜 . 青海土族和藏族侧面部轮廓形状及其变异:基于标志点的几何形态测量分析 [J]. 科学通报 , 2014 , 59 ( 16 ): 1516 - 1524 . DOI: 10.1360/972013-1065 http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/972013-1065 .
LYCETT S J . Quantifying transitions: morphometric approaches to Palaeolithic variability and technological change [M]. New York : Springer , 2009 : 79 - 92 .
ARCHER W , BRAUN D R . Variability in bifacial technology at Elandsfontein, Western cape, South Africa: a geometric morphometric approach [J]. Journal of Archaeological Science , 2010 , 37 ( 1 ): 201 - 209 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.033 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.033 .
SHIPTON C , CLARKSON C . Handaxe reduction and its influence on shape: An experimental test and archaeological case study [J]. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports , 2015 , 3 : 408 - 419 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.06.029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.06.029 .
PRESNYAKOVA D , BRAUN D R , CONARD N J , et al . Site fragmentation, hominin mobility and LCT variability reflected in the early Acheulean record of the Okote Member, at Koobi Fora, Kenya [J]. Journal of human evolution , 2018 , 125 : 159 - 180 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.07.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.07.008 .
ARCHER W , POP C M , REZEK Z , et al . A geometric morphometric relationship predicts stone flake shape and size variability [J]. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences , 2018 , 10 : 1991 - 2003 . DOI: 10.1007/s12520-017-0517-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0517-2 .
ARCHER W , DJAKOVIC I , BRENET M , et al . Quantifying differences in hominin flaking technologies with 3D shape analysis [J]. Journal of Human Evolution , 2021 , 150 : 102912 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102912 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102912 .
HERZLINGER G , GROSMAN L . AGMT3-D: A software for 3-D landmarks-based geometric morphometric shape analysis of archaeological artifacts [J]. PloS one , 2018 , 13 ( 11 ): e0207890 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207890 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207890 .
雷蕾 , 贺乐天 , 李大伟 , 等 . 三维几何形态测量方法在石制品分析中的应用 [J]. 人类学学报 , 2021 , 40 ( 06 ): 970 - 980 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/aas.2021.0076 http://dx.doi.org/10.16359/j.1000-3193/aas.2021.0076 .
邹衡 , 北京大学考古系商周组 , 山西省考古研究所 . 天马-曲村:1980-1989 [M]. 北京 : 科学出版社 , 2000 .
0
浏览量
0
下载量
0
CSCD
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621