山西大学 环境医学与毒理学研究所,太原 030006
孟紫强,山西临汾人,教授,博士生导师,山西省高校教学名师,享受国务院特殊津贴专家,2024年中共中央组织部授予“全国离退休干部先进个人”称号。历任山西大学环境医学与毒理学研究所所长,山西大学环境科学与工程研究中心主任,中国毒理学会常务理事、第一届监事会监事,中华医学微量元素学会常务理事,中国环境科学学会大气环境委员会委员、环境医学与健康委员会委员,中国环境诱变剂学会致突变剂专业委员会委员,美国纽约科学院成员,美国国家科学技术促进会会员,国际DNA修复学会理事,美国化学学会会员,美国生物无机化学学会会员,山西省毒理学会第一届理事长、荣誉理事长等,以及《环境与职业医学》《生态毒理学报》《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》、Prob-Biology、JSM Brain Science、Journal of Novel Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation、WebLog Journal of Toxicology、Chinese Journal of Biology等多种国内外学术期刊编委或顾问。主要研究领域:环境医学、环境毒理学、生态毒理学、生物气体信号分子等。主持完成国家和省部级项目30余项,包括国家基金重点项目1项。获国家级教学成果二等奖1项,省部科技进步奖14项,出版中、英文著作30部,发表学术论文400余篇,其中SCI收录100余篇。Email: zqmeng@sxu.edu.cn
收稿:2026-02-02,
修回:2026-03-30,
纸质出版:2026-06-25
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孟紫强.沙尘天气对健康的影响及其防护[J].新兴科学和技术趋势,2026,5(2):203-214.
MENG Ziqiang.The impact of sand and dust weather on health and its protective measures[J].Emerging Science and Technology,2026,5(2):203-214.
孟紫强.沙尘天气对健康的影响及其防护[J].新兴科学和技术趋势,2026,5(2):203-214. DOI: 10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2026.02.010.
MENG Ziqiang.The impact of sand and dust weather on health and its protective measures[J].Emerging Science and Technology,2026,5(2):203-214. DOI: 10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2026.02.010.
荒漠化与气候变化预示着全球干旱区面积的扩大及沙尘天气风险的加剧。人类因此可能面临日益频繁的沙尘天气暴露及其所致不良健康效应的风险。沙尘天气分为4种类型:浮尘天气、扬沙天气、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴。近年来国内外流行病学的研究显示,沙尘天气特别是沙尘暴严重影响暴露人群心脑血管和呼吸系统的健康,其影响可分为急性效应、滞后效应和累积效应。沙尘天气的短期暴露可引起人群心脑血管和呼吸系统发病率和死亡率增加。沙尘天气长期暴露对居民健康的损伤具有累积效应,可引起全身多种系统多种疾病的患病率增加,甚至引起一种非职业性尘肺病——沙漠尘肺病发生(在老年男性人群患病率可达7.77%)。毒理学研究发现,沙尘颗粒物可引起实验动物多种器官氧化损伤、DNA损伤及人血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率显著增加,且剂量-效应关系均很明确;沙尘颗粒还可引起肺泡巨噬细胞死亡、膜和多种酶活性改变,且均具有明确的剂量-效应关系。生物化学毒理学研究发现,沙尘颗粒物在引起呼吸器官损伤的同时,可诱发其分泌大量炎症因子、细胞因子、趋化因子等。这些因子不仅可驱动肺炎、气管炎发生,而且可进入血液循环,引起心脑血管疾病发生。比较毒理学研究发现,沙尘暴源头沙尘颗粒与远离沙尘源头的工业污染严重地区的空气颗粒相比,在上述多种毒理学终点的测试数据上,虽然略低于工业污染区的颗粒物,但差异并不显著,表明源头沙尘颗粒的毒性很大,即矿物粉尘本身固有的实质性毒性很大。总之,这些毒理学研究为解释沙尘天气导致呼吸和循环系统损伤或疾病恶化提供了关键的分子机制基础。此外,本综述还为沙尘天气流行病学调查和毒理学研究提出今后的方向,并为有效预防沙尘天气特别是沙尘暴危害健康提出全面可行的策略和措施。
Desertification and climate change are driving the expansion of global arid lands, thereby increasing the frequency and intensity of sand and dust storms. Consequently, humans may face growing exposure to frequent sand and dust weather and its associated adverse health effects. Sand and dust weather is classified into four main types: dust haze, blowing sand, sandstorm, and severe sandstorm. Recent epidemiological studies both domestically and internationally have shown that sand-dust weather, particularly sandstorms, severely impacts the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory health of exposed populations. These effects can be categorized as acute, lagged, and cumulative.
Short-term exposure to sand-dust weather is linked to increased daily morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases. Long-term exposure has cumulative damaging effects on residents' health, contributing to a higher prevalence of various systemic diseases and even the occurrence of a non-occupational pneumoconiosis, termed desert lung disease or desert pneumoconiosis, which has been reported with a prevalence of up to 7.77% among elderly males in affected regions.
Toxicological evidence provides mechanistic insights. Sand-dust particles induce dose-dependent oxidative stress and DNA damage in various organs of laboratory animals, and increased chromosomal aberration and micronucleus frequencies in human lymphocytes in vitro. Additionally, sand-dust particles can cause alveolar macrophage death, membrane damage, and alterations in various enzyme activities, also demonstrating well-defined dose-effect relationships.
Biochemical toxicological research reveals that sand-dust particles not only cause respiratory organ damage but also trigger the robust secretion of inflammatory factors, cytokines, chemokines, etc. These mediators not only drive the occurrence of pneumonia and bronchitis but can also enter the bloodstream, contributing to the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Comparative toxicological studies indicate that although sand-dust particles from source regions show slightly lower toxicity in various toxicological endpoints compared to airborne particles from heavily industrialized areas, the difference is often not significant, suggesting that source sand-dust particles possess considerable toxicity and underscoring the substantial inherent toxicity of mineral dust itself.
Collectively, these toxicological findings provide a critical molecular mechanistic basis for explaining how sand-dust weather and sand-dust particles lead to respiratory and circulatory system damage or disease exacerbation. Furthermore, this review also identifies future directions for epidemiological surveys and toxicological research on sand-dust weather. Finally, preventive measures against the health hazards of sand-dust weather, especially sandstorms, are suggested.
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