Life sciences are one of the most dynamic frontier fields in contemporary scientific research. Meanwhile， the Nobel Prizes， as long-established and authoritative awards for scientific innovation， clearly demonstrate the revolutionary breakthroughs in the scientific field since the 20th century. Analyzing and discussing the Nobel Prizes can reveal the characteristics and laws of scientific innovation activities， making them the best case for our study of scientific innovation. This article selects 134 annual award-winning achievements in life sciences from the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine as a case set， and analyzes them according to five innovative types： hypothesis-driven， inheritance and iteration， tools and methods， technology dependence， and accidental discovery. It concludes that the development of life sciences has gradually evolved from a stage led by hypothesis discovery into a new paradigm dominated by technology-driven. Based on the characteristics of various innovative types， we suggest that the hypothesis-driven type and tools and methods type of research should be the focus of science and technology funding policies.