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中国科学技术大学,安徽 合肥,230026
Published:25 March 2023,
Received:15 January 2023,
Revised:28 February 2023,
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林心月,刘锐.X射线衍射晶体学对DNA结构模型构建的影响[J].新兴科学和技术趋势,2023,2(1):9-18.
LIN Xinyue,LIU Rui.The impact of X-ray diffraction crystallography on DNA double helix[J].Emerging Science and Technology,2023,2(1):9-18.
林心月,刘锐.X射线衍射晶体学对DNA结构模型构建的影响[J].新兴科学和技术趋势,2023,2(1):9-18. DOI: 10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2023.01.002.
LIN Xinyue,LIU Rui.The impact of X-ray diffraction crystallography on DNA double helix[J].Emerging Science and Technology,2023,2(1):9-18. DOI: 10.12405/j.issn.2097-1486.2023.01.002.
自伦琴发现X射线以来,X射线在科学发现中起了重要的推动作用。20世纪初,劳厄发现X射线衍射,紧接着布拉格父子将其引入晶体学的研究,创立X射线衍射晶体学理论。20世纪20—30年代,X射线衍射技术已被应用到纤维结构的分析,随后相继被应用到蛋白质和核酸等生物大分子的研究。本文通过梳理X射线衍射晶体学的起源、发展与应用,讨论其在DNA双螺旋结构发现过程中所起的关键作用。回顾阿斯特伯里、鲍林、富兰克林和威尔金斯等人利用X射线衍射技术对蛋白质和核酸等分子结构的研究,分析他们未能发现正确的DNA结构模型的原因,并阐明使用X射线衍射晶体学及其衍射图在DNA双螺旋结构解析中所做出的卓越贡献。
X-rays have played an important role in the scientific discoveries since Roentgen discovered them. In the early 20th century, Laue discovered X-ray diffraction. W.L.Bragg and W.H.Bragg then introduced it to the study of crystallography, founding the theory of X-ray diffraction crystallography. From the 1920s to the 1930s, X-ray diffraction technology was applied to the analysis of fiber structure and the study of biological macro molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. This paper discusses the key role of X-ray diffraction crystallography in the discovery of the DNA double helix structure through the introduction of its origin, development and application. The paper reviews the previous studies of X-ray diffraction techniques used in the molecular structures of proteins and nucleic acids by Astbury, Pauling, Franklin and Wilkins, analyzing the possible reasons of failing to discover DNA double helix. In the end it elucidates the remarkable contributions of X-ray diffraction crystallography and the diffraction maps in the DNA double helix.
X射线衍射晶体学DNA双螺旋分子结构衍射图
X-ray diffraction crystallographyDNA double helixmolecular structureX-ray diffractogram
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