最新刊期
卷 1 ， 期 1 ， 2022
- 摘要：Lasers are one of the greatest inventions of mankind. The development of laser technology has made impact on the civilization of human society. This paper reviews the development of laser physics. Among the ten Nobel Prizes directly related to laser physics, the chirped pulse amplification technology of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics is closely connected with our research. The author highlights the research progress by his teamwork in the frontiers of high energy density physics and makes a prospect of the future trend in this field as well.关键词：laser physics;chirped pulse amplification;high energy density physics
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：Gravitational waves (GWs) detection is a major international cutting-edge research in science and technology, which is of great importance to the exploration of many fundamental scientific problems, and also faces great technical challenges involving a number of major technical issues in the intersection of multiple disciplines. This review introduces the history, the scientific significance and the contributions to technological progress of the GWs detection. It also introduces the main paths of the GWs detection, especially the key technological approaches for the next-generation GWs detection, including the long-arm laser interferometer, advanced laser technologies, ultra-high vacuum technology, advanced vibration isolated suspension technology, and their combinations with the latest quantum technologies. This paper also introduces the research status of the GWs detection at home and abroad, and discusses the feasibility of building the ground-based GWs detection in China. Based on this, the authors have proposed a vision of building a 10 km ground-based GWs detection device in abandoned underground mines with the help of the advanced technologies of laser and quantum light sources.关键词：gravitational waves detection;interferometer;laser technology;quantum light sources
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：Multimode quantum light sources have extensive applications in quantum information, quantum computing, and quantum metrology.The four-wave mixing process in atomic ensemble has significant advantages in generating multimode quantum states due to its strong nonlinearity.This review introduces the generation of multimode quantum light sources based on spatially multiplexed four-wave mixing processes, including four-mode, six-mode, ten-mode, fourteen-mode quantum correlation of intensity difference squeezing and six-mode quantum entanglement.Besides this, the large-scale quantum network over 66 optical angular momentum (OAM) modes by exploiting OAM multiplexing were implemented.These multimode quantum light sources based on atomic ensemble provide a new way for implementing large-scale quantum information systems.关键词：four-wave mixing;quantum correlation of intensity-difference squeezing;multimode quantum light sources;orbital angular momentum
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：All-solid-state single-frequency continuous wave lasers have widely been applied in cold atomic physics, precision measurement, laser radar, national defense and military fields owing to their advantages of high beam quality, low noise, narrow linewidth and high coherence. With the rapid development of science and technology, the output powers of traditional single-frequency lasers are too low to meet the requirements in many research fields. Therefore, it is necessary to scale up the output powers of all-solid-state single-frequency continuous-wave lasers. This review compares the advantages and disadvantages of gain crystal types and laser amplification methods in generating high-power single-frequency continuous-wave laser output and summarizes the research progress of our research group in all-solid-state single-frequency continuous-wave lasers.关键词：high-power;all-solid-state laser;single-frequency;power scaling
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：Half of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 awarded Roger Penrose for his theoretical contribution. An interesting question widely discussed is whether Stephen Hawking would have also received Nobel Prize. This paper first discusses this question, arguing that Hawking should have received Nobel Prize in Physics even before he passed away. Penrose-Hawking Singularity Theorems are a set of theorems about singularities, rather than a single theorem. The reason that the Nobel Prize awarded to Penrose is the Singularity Theorem presented by himself in 1964, stating that the singularity exists robustly in a gravitational collapse. The paper finally points out that the Nobel Prize awarded to Penrose was the first time in history for a theoretical discovery that had not been and would unlikely be directly confirmed in experiments or observations, representing a scientific and philosophical breakthrough and the beginning of a new era of Nobel Prize in Physics.关键词：Nobel Prize in Physics;Penrose;Hawking
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：Humans have experienced a long history to know the viral diseases with a clear written record for nearly 2000 years. For thousands of years, viral diseases have been recorded in the literature of traditional Chinese medicine. And monographs on the treatment of infectious diseases have been formed based on the prevention and treatment experience, describing the characteristics of viruses and their infectious diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated effective prevention methods and discovered effective thera-peutic drugs, creating an early vaccination prevention strategy. For thousands of years, Western medicine also has abundant records of the spread of viral diseases leading to massive population reductions. Humans have known the physical state and biological characteristics of viruses for about 100 years. The resulting vaccines have effectively controlled the spread of several viral diseases and even eliminated smallpox. It has only been more than half a century that the basic structure of viruses has been clarified by humans. During this period, research on antiviral drugs for the purpose of inhibiting virus replication began to rise, and dozens of antiviral drugs were discovered. As a result, a target-based antiviral drug research and develop-ment model has been formed, which has guided the direction of global drug research and development in the past few decades. However, most of the existing viral diseases have not been eliminated, and new viral diseases continue to emerge. The lack of related vaccines or the lag in research and development limit the prevention and control of related epidemics. The number of drugs developed against viral replication is small, and their therapeutic effects are limited. From a strategic analysis, there is still a lack of drugs to e-liminate viruses in the body, block virus infection, inhibit virus pathogenesis, control disease develop-ment, and promote disease body repair, which will become a new trend in the research and development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.关键词：virus;viral diseases;antiviral drugs;drugs for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：The global epidemic of coronavirus coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has brought great threat to the life and the health of human beings. The rapid spread and high infection rate are typical characteristics of new coronavirus pneumonia; timely vaccination can effectively prevent the spread of the epidemic. After the outbreak of the epidemic, the active and effective launch of research and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has become a common goal of scientists and research institutions around the world. In the course of vaccine development and design, some approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have good safety and immunogenicity, and their clinical trials have proved their protective efficacy. According to the different technical route of development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, vaccines mainly include inactivated vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, viral vector-based vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of vaccines and the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were reviewed, and some problems of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were discussed.关键词：SARS-CoV-2;COVID-19;vaccine
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：The crowd gathering strengthens the spread of infectious diseases.Depicting and analyzing its transmission effect is the difficult theoretical problems and bottlenecks of infectious disease transmission dynamics.In recent years, with the development of research for simplical complexes and hypernetworks, it becomes possible to solve such problems from the perspective of transmission dynamics on higher-order networks.The study of infectious disease transmission dynamics on higher-order networks, which mainly starts from the distinct structure, topology and geometrical characteristics of higher-order networks, carries out dynamical modeling and behavior analysis of different types of infectious disease on various kinds of higher-networks, including the static, time-varying or spatial ones, and conducts qualitative and quantitative research in specific context of real infectious diseases on higher-order networks.The study will inject vitality into the infectious disease transmission dynamics.关键词：higher-order networks;infectious diseases;dynamics models;simplicial complexes;hypernet-works
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：Nanomedicine is a comprehensive interdiscipline that applies the principles and methods of nanoscience and nanotechnology to the medical field, involving a variety of academic disciplines such as medicine, materials science, physics, chemistry, biology, and quantum science.This article mainly summarizes the latest research progress at home and abroad and discusses the future prospects of the nanomedicine research from four aspects: (1) The role of geometric and mechanical properties in the rational design of nanomedicines; (2) Interaction of nanomedicines with the immune-related complement system; (3) Nanomedicines for oncotherapy through optimized delivery strategies; (4) The critical role of patient stratification based on nanomedicine and theranostics in the personalized nanomedicine development.The study aims to provide some references for the scientific and clinical researchers in the field of nanomedicine.关键词：nanomedicine;oncotherapy;theranostics
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：Studies have shown that aluminum can cause neurobehavioral and cognitive decline, and also changes in electroencephalogram and brain electrical topography in occupationally Al-exposed workers. The pathological changes in animal experiments showed that the cortical and hippocampal neural cells reduced and disordered, synaptic structure changed, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum destroyed, and neural cells were apoptotic. Aluminum-induced neurotoxic mechanisms includes: to induce neurotransmitter synthesis and transmission disorder, affect energy metabolism, promote lipid peroxidation, disturb calcium metabolism and related enzymes, induce neuronal apoptosis and non-apoptotic programmed death (including necroptosis and autophagy), cause Tau protein hyperphosphorylation to form neurofibrillary tangles, and lead toβ-APP overexpression to form Aβdeposition, affect Glu-No-CGMP pathway to decrease synaptic plasticity, impair mitochondria and mitochondrial enzymes. Aluminum can act synergistically with genetic factor ApoE ε 4 to accelerate the occurrence of dementia, and also cause epigenetic modifications, such as changes in methylation levels that can lead to cognitive impairment.关键词：aluminum;neurotoxicity;cognitive impairment;Alzheimer's disease;pathogenesis
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：Robotic applications in high-risk chemical environments can reduce safety risks and improve production efficiency. This paper reviews the technical development and commercial application of robots in the high-risk chemical industry. First this paper introduces the academic research progress of chemical robots in different work scenarios as well as the current commercial products and industrial applications. Then the paper analyzes the key technologies of chemical robots, summarizes the research progress, discusses the existing shortcomings, and makes an outlook on the future development trend.关键词：high-risk chemical environment;robotics;high-risk chemical industry
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：This paper discussed the possibility, the necessity and the importance of cross research between environmental engineering and ecotoxicology from the environmental treatments of water pollution, air pollution and solid waste.The two disciplines of environmental engineering and ecotoxicology have many similarities.The cross research of these two could complement and perfect each other so as to develop to-gether, which is of great significance to the development of environmental engineering and ecotoxicology, and the efficiency of environmental pollutant treatment as well.Looking to the future, the cross research may open up a new field of research, creating a ecotoxicological school of environmental engineering with Chinese characteristics.关键词：environmental engineering;ecotoxicology;cross research;ecotoxicological school of environmental engineering
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要：Using neurotechnologies to enhance morality has become an important approach to the enhancement of technology. The neural mechanism of altruistic behaviour has been explained in the neuroscience. The making-decision of altruistic behaviour is closely connected with the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) . Morality can be enhanced by controlling quantity of testosterone. Therefore, it's necessary to reflect moral enhancement through various perspectives based on neurotechnologies. This enhancement is essentially naturalism. From the perspective of technology and moral enhancement, neurotechnologies have effect on moral autonomy. However, it remains to be the external analysis. From the perspective of constitution of altruistic behaviour, it is limited by special spatial distance. Altruism has rational foundation as well as empathy. The internal foundation of altruistic behaviour is the constitution of others. From this perspective, the approach of stimulating certain neuron to enhance morality by naturalism has its limitations, i.e. lacking of explanation to internal foundation of altruistic behaviour and ignoring the construct of other's image.关键词：neuron;testosterone;altruism;moral enhancement
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发布时间：2024-11-01 - 摘要："Digital China" strategy is the blueprint of the times to liberate and develop productive forces. Digital technology has infiltrated into all aspects of the rural life, creating a new form of rural space——digital space. From the perspective of spatial justice, the imbalance between urban and rural development and that of the regional development cause many justice problems in rural space, which call for an effective spatial governance system. However, the interweaving of digital technology with the capital and the power further aggravates the justice crisis of rural space production and the reproduction of social relations. Therefore, it is necessary to face the digital technology itself and reconstruct the path of justice of rural spatial governance from three levels of value, system and individual, that is, to establish the value orientation of "people-centered"; to establish the "pluralistic synergy" as the focus of the institutional system; to enhance the social foundation with "digital literacy" as the core.关键词：digital technology;rural space production;rural space justice;reconstruction of space governance
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发布时间：2024-11-01
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