最新刊期
卷 2 ， 期 1 ， 2023
- 摘要：In recent years， the Chinese Academy of Engineering has organized and carried out a series of major consulting projects on “China Standard 2035”， one of which is “2035 Comprehensive Green and Low-carbon Transformation Standardization Strategy Study”. This paper systematically introduces the research of this major consulting project from four aspects， clarifies the research background of the 2035 standardization of comprehensive green and low-carbon transition， clarifies the strategic objectives of future development， and puts forward a number of strategic tasks and policy recommendations according to the strategic objectives.关键词：2035 Standardization of comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation;Green and low carbon;standardization
- 67
- |
- 10
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：X-rays have played an important role in the scientific discoveries since Roentgen discovered them. In the early 20th century， Laue discovered X-ray diffraction. W.L.Bragg and W.H.Bragg then introduced it to the study of crystallography， founding the theory of X-ray diffraction crystallography. From the 1920s to the 1930s， X-ray diffraction technology was applied to the analysis of fiber structure and the study of biological macro molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. This paper discusses the key role of X-ray diffraction crystallography in the discovery of the DNA double helix structure through the introduction of its origin， development and application. The paper reviews the previous studies of X-ray diffraction techniques used in the molecular structures of proteins and nucleic acids by Astbury， Pauling， Franklin and Wilkins， analyzing the possible reasons of failing to discover DNA double helix. In the end it elucidates the remarkable contributions of X-ray diffraction crystallography and the diffraction maps in the DNA double helix.关键词：X-ray diffraction crystallography;DNA double helix;molecular structure;X-ray diffractogram
- 38
- |
- 3
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：This paper uses NIRFAST， an open-source software package， to simulate the breast diffuse optical tomography. The breast diffuse optical tomography images are intelligently classified through Deep Learning method. The images are thus simulated and reconstructed by NIRFAST. The size， the location， and the optical properties of breast tumors alter in breast diffuse optical tomography images. Different types of breast tumors are distinguished by different light absorption coefficients； the benign tumors and the malignant tumors of different classes are analyzed through computer-aided method. To increase the feature extraction ability， DOTResNet model was proposed. The model is achieved by replacing a 7×7 convolution in the input stem of ResNet-34 with the three 3×3 convolutions and adding the batch normalization layer with rectified linear activation units （ReLU）. Compared with ResNet-34 and Pre-trained ResNet-34， DOTResNet has reduced the FLOPs， and the classification accuracy has increased to 99.38%. Compared with the canonical ResNet-34， the tweaked model has higher classification accuracy.关键词：deep learning;diffuse optical tomography;breast tumor;ResNet
- 22
- |
- 1
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：The polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） specimens （n=90） were prepared. A single electrode non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet （working gas Argon/oxygen）was used to treat the specimens for 5 mm， 10 mm， 15 mm， 20 mm， 25 mm， 30 mm， 40 mm， 50 mm， 60 mm， respectively. To determine the hydrophilicity， water contact angles were measured. The surface roughness and topography were measured with 3D laser scanning confocal microscope. Plasma components were analyzed by the optical emission spectroscopy （OES）. The chemical composition was monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis.The water contact angle was reduced after treatment （P<0.05）. Different treatment distance caused different hydrophilic modification （P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in the roughness values and surface topography among groups.OES shown that the active components of the plasma contain oxygen free radicals. XPS analysis demonstrated a decrease in C/O.Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma might possess a good perspective in clinical use of denture base acrylic resin.关键词：atmospheric pressure cold plasma;denture base acrylic resin;surface modification
- 16
- |
- 0
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：As the basic theory of the strong interaction of the standard model of particle physics， Quantum Chromodynamics （QCD） shows that the special phases of matter， namely dense nuclear matter and Quark-Gluon Plasma（QGP） or quark matter， can be formed under extremely dense conditions. Cold dense nuclear matter is an important component of compact objects， neutron stars. As a hot dense QCD material， QGP is considered to be the state of the early universe in the Big Bang model. It is one of the main targets of the heavy ion collision experiments. In this paper， we briefly review the microscopic description and the laboratory detection of dense matter phases. The study of the phase transition from nuclear matter phase to QGP provides a deeper understanding of the fundamental theory of strong interaction.关键词：nuclear matter;quark gluon plasma;neutron star;heavy ion collision experiment
- 41
- |
- 1
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：Active learning method， as a machine learning algorithm which can automatically selects data samples， has many applications in solving quantum physics problems. The “query by committee” strategy adopted by active learning method can extend the training dataset dynamically. It improves the performance of the training model effectively even with a small training dataset. In reaction to the difficulty of obtaining data points in quantum physics， active learning algorithm optimizes the structure of the training dataset， providing efficient information for model training. The application in quantum physics of multidimensional function fitting and optimization demonstrated the feasibility and superiority of active learning algorithms in solving quantum physics problems.关键词：active learning algorithm;quantum physics;fitting and optimization
- 27
- |
- 7
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：In modern physics， high-energy physics， which generally discusses the physical properties of high-speed relativistic elementary particles on the subatomic scale， appears to have distinct research boundaries with cold atom and molecular physics， which often focuses on low-energy and low-speed particles on the atomic or molecular scale. Whether it is necessary or feasible to simulate high-energy elementary particles using atoms and molecules is an interesting question in physics. Meanwhile， this question has some potential values of exploring the universal connection between high-energy and low-energy physics and values of extending the range of study in physics， for it connects two wide and important research areas. In the past few years， some interesting attempts in this new research area have achieved encouraging progress. This series of papers will review recent progress on quantum simulation of high-energy physics， including synthetic Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields， quantum implementations of quantum field theory models using cold atoms， digital simulations of high-energy models， etc. Since this is a highly interdisciplinary field and develops rapidly， we plan to complete the series of reviews in stages according to the latest research and our own progress. We hope that this review will stimulate interest in the relevant field. The current paper focuses on the motivation and significance of the quantum simulation of high-energy physics， and discusses several methods of realizing the Abelian lattice gauge theory in cold atomic systems.关键词：quantum simulation;high-energy physics;lattice gauge theory;cold atoms
- 32
- |
- 4
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：The quantum phase transitions and the induced quantum criticality are of great importance in the research of quantum many-body physics. The one-dimensional Bose gas （the Lieb-Liniger model） is theoretically of solvability through Bethe Ansatz method and is experimentally realized by using ultracold-atom， and therefore， it has a prominent position in further understanding quantum critical properties. This article first reviews the Bethe Ansatz method， and then introduces various properties of the Lieb-Liniger model including quantum phase transitions， universal properties and the corresponding observation in cold atom experiments. It finally concludes that quantum heat engine has the quantum superiority when Bose gases are used as the working substance.关键词：Lieb-Liniger model;Luttinger liquid;quantum criticality;quantum heat engine
- 25
- |
- 2
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：In recent years， the technology of large language models has made rapid progress， greatly promoting the development of the field of natural language processing and even artificial intelligence. This paper first introduces the technical principles of large language models and reviews the development process of language models. Then， we analyze the key capabilities of large language models and the implementation methods of the large language model. Finally， we summarize and explore the status and challenges of large language models.关键词：artificial intelligence;natural language processing;large language models;in-context learning;chain-of-thought;instruction tuning
- 19
- |
- 1
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：In the mid-nineteenth century， the climax of the crisis of the traditional American colleges prompted a few waves of academic migrations to Germany. Reformers of American higher education rose from German universities， promoting the growing of the American research universities. From the perspective of cultural migration， the study investigates into the background under which the Humboldt model took root in America， the intermediary of cultural migration， and the role in the establishment of American research universities. As an ideological and cultural product， the reformers integrated effectively the German experiences with the original American higher education system parameters， rather than simply repeated the Humboldt model， and established the research universities more suitable for American culture.关键词：American graduates studying in Germany;the American research university;cultural migration
- 14
- |
- 1
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：Credit is the cornerstone of research innovation， and a reasonable research credit evaluation indicator system is particularly important for research credit management. The existing indicator system pays little attention to the environment in which researchers keep their credit， while the environment has an important influence on individuals' willingness to keep their credit. Based on this， this paper introduces the enhancement-oriented and improvement-oriented CIPP evaluation model， which fully considers four aspects of the researchers, namely credit environment, credit ability, credit behavior and research achievements. The research credit evaluation index system was constructed from four dimensions： context， input， process and product. In view of the complex and diverse types of research credit evaluation indexes based on CIPP model， this paper chooses soft set, a new mathematical tool to deal with the complex, uncertain and undefined data, as the theoretical basis for research credit evaluation. This study may provide reference for science and technology administration departments to strengthen scientific research credit management.关键词：credit of scientific research;CIPP model;evaluation indexes;evaluation methods
- 13
- |
- 0
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29 - 摘要：In his book " What is Life？" Austrian quantum physicist Erwin Schrödinger explained the basic views on nature of life from the physics perspective， and put forward some new concepts. Though Schrödinger's thoughts had certain limitations， "What is life？" played a catalytic role in the birth of molecular biology.关键词：Erwin Schrödinger;What is Life？;molecular biology
- 20
- |
- 3
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-03-29
- Tel：0351-7652230 Email：est@sxu.edu.cn
- Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19
京公网安备11010802024621 - It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
- Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.
0